Ko nga whakamarama karaihe e whakamahia nuitia ana hei awhina i nga rawa matū i roto i te hanga karaihe. Ko nga mea mata ka taea te pirau (te hau) i te wera nui i te wa o te rewa karaihe hei whakaputa hau, hei whakaiti ranei i te pokey o te wai karaihe hei whakatairanga i te whakakorenga o nga mirumiru i roto i te wai karaihe ka kiia he whakamarama. E ai ki te tikanga o te whakamarama karaihe, ka taea te wehewehe ki: te whakamaarama waikura (e mohiotia ana ko: te whakamaarama o te hāora), te whakamaarama sulfate (e mohiotia ana ko: te whakamaarama whanariki), te whakamaarama halide (e mohiotia ana ko: te whakamaarama halogen) me te whakamarama hiato ( e mohiotia nuitia ana ko: Whakamarama whakakotahi).
1. Whakamarama waiora
Ko te nuinga o nga kaiwhakamaori o te waikura ko te arsenic ma, te waikura antimony, te konutai pākawa, te haukinia pākawa, me te waikura cerium.
1. Arsenic ma
Ko te arsenic ma, e mohiotia ana ko te arsenous anhydride, he kaihoko whakamaarama e whakamahia ana me te tino pai o te whakamaarama. E mohiotia ana ko "Kingi Whakamarama" i roto i te ahumahi karaihe. Engari me whakamahi tahi te arsenic ma me te pakawa kia pai ai te whakamarama. Ko te arsenic ma he paku memeha ki te wai matao me te ngawari ki te wai wera. He tino paitini. He paura tioata ma, he taonga karaihe amorphous ranei. Hei hua o te whakarewa koura, he hina, he hina, he hina-pango te hina arsenic. Ko te nuinga o te waa e whakamahia ana hei kaihoko whakamarama. arsenic. Ka whakawerahia te arsenic ma ki te neke atu i te 400 nga nekehanga, ka whakaputahia te arsenic pentoxide me te hāora i tukuna e te pākawa i te pāmahana teitei. Ka whakamahana ki te 1300 nga nekehanga, ka pirau te arsenic pentoxide ki te whakaputa arsenic trioxide, e whakaiti ana i te pehanga wahanga o te hau i roto i nga mirumiru karaihe. He pai ki te tipu o nga mirumiru me te whakatere i te whakakore i nga mirumiru, kia tutuki ai te kaupapa o te whakamarama.
Ko te nui o te arsenic ma ko te tikanga 0.2%-0.6% o te nui o te puranga, a ko te nui o te pākawa i whakaurua he 4-8 wa te nui o te arsenic ma. Ko te nui o te whakamahinga o te arsenic ma e kore noa e whakanui ake i te whakaheke, engari ka poke ano te taiao me te kino ki te tinana o te tangata. 0.06 karamu o te arsenic ma ka mate. No reira, i te wa e whakamahi ana i te arsenic ma, me tohu he tangata motuhake ki te pupuri kia kore ai e pawera. Ko te karaihe me te arsenic ma hei kaihoko whakamarama he ngawari ki te whakaiti me te pango i te karaihe i te wa e mahi ana te rama, na me iti ake te whakamahi i te arsenic ma i roto i te karaihe rama.
2. Antimony waikura
He rite te awenga whakamarama o te waikura antimony ki tera o te arsenic ma, a me whakamahi tahi me te waikawa. He iti ake te whakamaarama me te whakamaarama o te waikura antimony i tera o te arsenic ma, na reira ka whakamahia te waikura antimony hei kaiwhakamarama i te wa e rewa ana te karaihe mata. I roto i te karaihe silicate houra kotakota, ka whakamahia te 0.2% antimony oxide me te 0.4% te arsenic ma hei whakamaarama, he pai ake te whakamaarama me te aukati i te whakaputanga o nga mirumiru tuarua.
3. Te hauota
He iti noa te whakamahi i te Nitrate hei kaiwhakamarama i roto i te karaehe, me te nuinga o te waa ka whakamahia hei koha hāora i roto i te whakakotahitanga me nga waikura valence rerekee.
4. Cerium hauhā
Ko te Cerium dioxide he teitei ake te pāmahana whakapoipoi, he pai ake te whakamaarama, e whakamahia whanuitia ana hei rauemi mata. I te wa e whakamahia ana hei kaihoko whakamarama, kaore e tika kia honoa ki te nitrate, a ka taea e ia te tuku i te hāora ki a ia ano i te wera nui kia tere ake ai te whakamarama. Hei whakaiti i nga utu, he maha nga wa e whakamahia ana i roto i te whakakotahi me te sulfate i roto i te hanga o nga poi karaihe hei whakatutuki i nga painga whakamarama pai.
2. Whakamarama whanariki
Ko nga pūkawa ngāwha e whakamahia ana i roto i te karaihe ko te nuinga o te konutai konutai, te barium sulfate, te konupūmā pākawa, me te pūkawa ngāwha he nui te pāmahana pirau, he mea whakamaarama i te pāmahana teitei. I te wa e whakamahia ana te pūkawa ngāwha hei māngai whakamārama, he pai ake te whakamahi i te taha o te pūkawa māngai pākawa, ā, kāore e taea te whakamahi tahi me te māngai whakaiti kia kore ai te pūkawa e pirau i te pāmahana iti. Kei te whakamahia nuitia te sulfate i roto i te karaihe pounamu me te karaihe papatahi, a ko tana inenga he 1.0% -1.5% o te puranga.
3. Mahinga whakamaarama Halide
Ko te nuinga ko te fluoride, te konutai pūhaumāota, te haukinia pūhaumāota me te pera i runga i. Ko te nuinga o te Fluoride ko te fluorite me te konutai fluorosilicate. Ko te nui o te fluorite e whakamahia ana hei kaihoko whakamaarama he mea tatau i runga i te 0.5% fluorine i whakauruhia ki roto i te puranga. Ko te inenga whānui o te konutai fluorosilicate he 0.4% -0.6% o te nui o te konutai waikura i roto i te karaihe. I te wa e rewa ai te fluoride, ko tetahi wahanga o te fluorine ka whakaputa i te hauwai fluoride, te silicon fluoride, me te konutai fluoride. He nui ake te paitini i tera o te whanariki hauhā. Me whai whakaaro te awe o te hau i te wa e whakamahia ana. Ka taea e te vaporization me te pähekeheke o te konutai pūhaumāota i te pāmahana teitei te whakatairanga i te whakamārama o te wai karaihe. Ko te inenga whānui ko te 1.3% -3.5% o te rauemi puranga. Ka nui rawa ka whakaemulsi i te karaihe. He maha nga wa e whakamahia ana hei whakamaarama mo te karaihe kei roto i te boron.
E wha, he whakamaarama whakakotahi
Ko te whakamaarama whakahiato te nuinga e whakamahi ana i nga painga whakamarama e toru o te whakamaarama o te hāora, te whakamaarama whanariki me te whakamaarama halogen i roto i te kaihoko whakamaarama, a ka hoatu he taakaro katoa ki nga paanga synergistic me te superimposed o te toru, ka taea te whakatutuki i te painga o te whakamarama tonu me te whakanui i te whakamaramatanga. kaha. He whakamarama kotahi. Ko te kaihoko kaore e taea te whakataurite. E ai ki te wahanga whanaketanga, ko: te reanga tuatahi o nga whakamarama hiato, te reanga tuarua o nga whakamarama hiato me te reanga tuatoru o nga whakamarama hiato. Ko te reanga tuatoru o nga whakamarama hiato e kiia ana ko te reanga hou o nga whakamaarama hiato-a-taiao, he kaakaariki, he pai te taiao. E mohiotia ana mo te haumaru me te whai hua, koinei te ahunga whanaketanga a meake nei o te umanga aatete karaihe me te ahua e kore e taea te whakatutuki i nga waihanga arsenic-kore i roto i te umanga karaihe. Ko te inenga whānui ko 0.4% -0.6% o te puranga. Ko te whakamarama pūhui kua whakamahia whānuitia i roto i te karaihe pounamu, nga poroporo karaihe (te reo alkali, te alkali-kore), te karaihe rongoa, te karaihe puna hiko, te karaihe hiko, te karaihe-ceramic me etahi atu karaihe. ahumahi hua.
2. Whakamarama whanariki
Ko nga pūkawa ngāwha e whakamahia ana i roto i te karaihe ko te nuinga o te konutai konutai, te barium sulfate, te konupūmā pākawa, me te pūkawa ngāwha he nui te pāmahana pirau, he mea whakamaarama i te pāmahana teitei. I te wa e whakamahia ana te pūkawa ngāwha hei māngai whakamārama, he pai ake te whakamahi i te taha o te pūkawa māngai pākawa, ā, kāore e taea te whakamahi tahi me te māngai whakaiti kia kore ai te pūkawa e pirau i te pāmahana iti. Kei te whakamahia nuitia te sulfate i roto i te karaihe pounamu me te karaihe papatahi, a ko tana inenga he 1.0% -1.5% o te puranga.
3. Mahinga whakamaarama Halide
Ko te nuinga ko te fluoride, te konutai pūhaumāota, te haukinia pūhaumāota me te pera i runga i. Ko te nuinga o te Fluoride ko te fluorite me te konutai fluorosilicate. Ko te nui o te fluorite e whakamahia ana hei kaihoko whakamaarama he mea tatau i runga i te 0.5% fluorine i whakauruhia ki roto i te puranga. Ko te inenga whānui o te konutai fluorosilicate he 0.4% -0.6% o te nui o te konutai waikura i roto i te karaihe. I te wa e rewa ai te fluoride, ko tetahi wahanga o te fluorine ka whakaputa i te hauwai fluoride, te silicon fluoride, me te konutai fluoride. He nui ake te paitini i tera o te whanariki hauhā. Me whai whakaaro te awe o te hau i te wa e whakamahia ana. Ka taea e te vaporization me te pähekeheke o te konutai pūhaumāota i te pāmahana teitei te whakatairanga i te whakamārama o te wai karaihe. Ko te inenga whānui ko te 1.3% -3.5% o te rauemi puranga. Ka nui rawa ka whakaemulsi i te karaihe. He maha nga wa e whakamahia ana hei whakamaarama mo te karaihe kei roto i te boron.
E wha, he whakamaarama whakakotahi
Ko te whakamaarama whakahiato te nuinga e whakamahi ana i nga painga whakamarama e toru o te whakamaarama o te hāora, te whakamaarama whanariki me te whakamaarama halogen i roto i te kaihoko whakamaarama, a ka hoatu he taakaro katoa ki nga paanga synergistic me te superimposed o te toru, ka taea te whakatutuki i te painga o te whakamarama tonu me te whakanui i te whakamaramatanga. kaha. He whakamarama kotahi. Ko te kaihoko kaore e taea te whakataurite. E ai ki te wahanga whanaketanga, ko: te reanga tuatahi o nga whakamarama hiato, te reanga tuarua o nga whakamarama hiato me te reanga tuatoru o nga whakamarama hiato. Ko te reanga tuatoru o nga whakamarama hiato e kiia ana ko te reanga hou o nga whakamaarama hiato-a-taiao, he kaakaariki, he pai te taiao. E mohiotia ana mo te haumaru me te whai hua, koinei te ahunga whanaketanga a meake nei o te umanga aatete karaihe me te ahua e kore e taea te whakatutuki i nga waihanga arsenic-kore i roto i te umanga karaihe. Ko te inenga whānui ko 0.4% -0.6% o te puranga. Ko te whakamarama pūhui kua whakamahia whānuitia i roto i te karaihe pounamu, nga poroporo karaihe (te reo alkali, te alkali-kore), te karaihe rongoa, te karaihe puna hiko, te karaihe hiko, te karaihe-ceramic me etahi atu karaihe. ahumahi hua.
Wā tuku: Tihema-06-2021